What Is The Real Cost Of Imperialism - 1480 Words

What is the real cost of Imperialism? Is it a human cost or a cultural cost? Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Iran has been embroiled in a struggle to maintain its own autonomy against western influences as mentioned by Shiva Balaghi in her work entitled â€Å"A Brief History of 20th-Century Iran† (Balaghi). Western involvement has plagued the Middle East for a long time, especially upon Iranians. Much of this is due to Iran being situated in such a strategic position in the Middle East. Also, Iran has always been one of the most enriched countries in oil production according to Renaissance Charter School in their work, â€Å"Western Influence in Iran† (West). These advantages for Iran earn it additional western attention, inevitably turning them into disadvantages. As a result of this attention, western countries will be routinely involved in the affairs of Iran for a long time. Many problems that badly afflict Iran are a result of this constant western in tervention. However, the Iranian government also becomes very corrupt during the middle of the twentieth century that contributes a significant amount to problems in Iran. The rise of Ayatollah Khomeini and Islam taking over the Iranian government are consequences that are tied to Iranian officials, most notably Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On the other hand, western involvement is what sparked a lot of government issues in Iran. This leaves the West with the majority of the responsibility for many past problems of Iran, forShow MoreRelatedImperialism : A Vital Goal And Factor1695 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism appears to be a vital goal and factor in the U.S during the late 1800s. Americans yearn to gain more control and soon rise to become a world power, similar to the conduct of our forefathers. However, this philosophy is counter to the origins of our country. We believed in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, yet Americans were being hypocritical of this conviction. They took the action of colonizing other countries and tyrannizing them without their consent. With this in mindRead MoreColonialism And Imperialism In Europe1440 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrial, technical, commercial and financial superiority imposed its economic model, its values, ideals and its culture to a large part of the world. Imperialism can be defined as the system in which the politics, economy and culture of one part of the world are organized according to the domination of some countries over others. The imperialism that emerged in the nineteenth century was the culmination of colonialism initiated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But both forms of colonialRead MoreThe Justification Of An Anti Imperialist Imperialism1393 Words   |  6 Pages The Justification of an Anti-Imperialist Imperialism appears to be a vital goal and factor in the U.S during the late 1800s. Americans yearn to gain more control and soon rise to become a world power, similar to the conduct of our forefathers. However, this philosophy is counter to the origins of our country. We believed in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, yet Americans were being hypocritical of this conviction. They took the action of colonizing other countries and tyrannizingRead MoreWhite Man s Burden By Rudyard Kipling1354 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism English writer Rudyard Kipling published a very famous poem called â€Å"White Man’s Burden† in 1899 which embodied the European feel of superiority over the indigenous peoples. Kipling published this poem when the Americans were conquering different places. In fact, the original subtitle of this poem was â€Å"The United States and the Philippine Islands.† This was because the United States had acquired the Philippines from Spain after winning the Spanish-American War. KiplingRead MoreGlobalization And The Rise Of Globalization1087 Words   |  5 Pagesimmensely linked to imperialism since the capture of one country led to exploration of the ideas and cultures, and trading within said country. Third Round (â€Å"Contemporary Globalization†) The modern world is in the third phase, which occurred post-World War II. Globalization shifted from the second phase into third because of instant communications and rapid growth of the world market. The key element that caused modern globalization according to O’Rouke and Williamson was the low cost goods enteringRead MoreThe War Of The Colonial Expansion1472 Words   |  6 PagesFriedrich Fabri is in favor of the colonial expansion because he believes it will be quite beneficial for their economy and national development. His view on the motives for the imperialism is that it will be economic and political. Fabri states in his article, â€Å"Many things in the new nation are already made bitter through unproductive political quarreling, soured and poisoned, so that the notification of a new promising course of national development will produce a liberating effect, as the nationalRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 PagesDarkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionally figurative classic novella established on Conrad’sRead MoreHow Did Imperialism Effect The Areas Of Africa, China, And India?1615 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Imperialism How did imperialism effect the areas of Africa, China, and India? Imperialism is the act of a strong nation overtaking a smaller, weaker nation. There are many reasons why imperialism occurs, including motives from an economic standpoint, as well as just a way to show and achieve power. There were both positive and negative effects to imperialism, with the loss of many original citizens, but gaining different ways of life through cultural diffusion. For instance, many EuropeanRead MoreMary Wollstonecraft s Argument The Best Of The Five Faces1265 Words   |  6 Pagesalso by giving a reasonable objection to my argument, and retorting the objection. In A Vindication of the Rights of Women with structures on Political and Moral Subjects, Wollstonecraft argues that women are subject to what a man’s ideal traits in a woman are instead of what a woman thinks her ideal traits are. The patriarchal society lets men have a monopoly on education, books, and government. Because men control society, they push women in to social roles of mistresses, wives, and mothers aboveRead MoreThe Theory Of Biological Evolution1192 Words   |  5 PagesIt was used to justify and clarify many notions of nationalism and imperialism. Science played a huge role in the coming about of this new discovery but in reality, the society shaped the science of what it was about. Charles Darwin was the root of new era and was profound to come up with the theory of evolution. His theory had become one the fundamental unifying principles of modern biology and led to questioning in regards to what was previously stated in the past. In the 19th century, the United

The Various Forms of the Cosmological Argument for the...

The Various Forms of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God The cosmological argument is a well established argument for the existence of God and it is also known as the first cause argument. The cosmological argument is based upon the belief that there is a first cause behind the existence of universe and this was God. It has taken many forms and in the past has been presented in many ways. So many philosophers have put their points across, philosophers like; Plato, Aquinas, Socrates, Hume, Kant and many more. The first person to put their point across was Plato. He argued that the power to produce the movements plausibly comes before the power to receive it and pass it on. In†¦show more content†¦Both Aquinas and Craig deny the infinite and yet argue that God is infinite. Believers of the argument point out that God is unique and that the laws of nature do not apply to God. In the five ways Anthony Kenny said that Aquinas’s principle that nothing moves itself goes against the fact that people and animals move themselves. He stated that Newton’s first law of motion, in which movement can be explained by a body’s own sluggishness from previous motion, disapproves Aquinas’s argument. It is possible for object to have uniform motion as well as to be in a state of rest. b) The strengths of the Cosmological Argument lie in both its simplicity and easily comprehensible concept that there cannot be an infinite number of causes to an event. Some arguments for Gods existence require more thought and training in terms and concepts, but this argument is basic and simple. Also, it is perfectly logical to assert that objects do not bring themselves into existence and must, therefore, have causes. For must not the cause of existing things exist? We find ourselves faced with the possibility of an infinite regress. If it is true of A that it is caused to exist by B, why may not B be caused to exist by C, D, E†¦and so on ad infinitum? If there actually is a cause ofShow MoreRelatedDoes God Really Exists? Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesDoes God Really Exists The idea of God has been one of the most debatable issues since the dawn of humanity and with it guided as well as deluded most lives in the pursuit for the truth. The impacts springing from the notion of God has from time memorial changed history, inspired more poetry and music including philosophy more than anything else, imagined or real. Peter Kreft once concluded that â€Å"The idea of God is either a fact, like sand, or a fantasy like Santa† (Lawhead, p. 334). Over the causeRead MoreThe Biblical Cosmogony Is Based On The Provisions Of Genesis1282 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical cosmogony is based on the provisions of Genesis chapter one. The basis of this myth is the fact that the universe and all its constituents are creations of a supreme being, in this case called God. The myth clashes with scientific views such as evolution theories because it suggests that God created everything by word of mouth and the work of his hands. The religious creation theory is the foundat ion of major spiritual convictions, which include Christianity, Judaic and Islam (Blumenthal 1)Read MoreCosmological Arguments On The Existence Of A God2212 Words   |  9 Pageswhether or not God exists. Now there are various conceptions of God within philosophy, but the most simple and widely accepted definition would likely be a â€Å"metaphysically necessary being.† That will be the definition of God for this paper. Numerous arguments have been put forth for and against the existence of a God, and some can be grouped together according to their type. Examples of these arguments range from teleological arguments to axiological arguments to cosmological arguments (to name a few)Read MoreMccloskey Responses1660 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide sufficient proof that God exists. However, McCloskey is not the only person who is unsure and asks questions God’s existence based on personal beliefs or influence. From the beginning many people have had questions about God and his existence. He wrote numerous books on atheism between 1960 and 1980 including the famous book, God and Evil. This paper evaluates the credibility of McCloskey’s article â€Å"On being an Atheist†. One of the McCloskey’s core arguments against theism is his demandRead MoreEssay on The Proof of the Existence of God1423 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Existence of God There are many arguments that try to prove the existence of God. In this essay I will look at the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, empirical arguments such as the avoidance of error and the argument from design. There are many criticisms of each of these that would say the existence of God can’t be proven that are perhaps stronger than those saying it can be. The definition of God for which is being argued is the Christian God whoRead MoreThis essay will be examining the key arguments for the existence of God, in order to discuss the3100 Words   |  13 Pageskey arguments for the existence of God, in order to discuss the claim that â€Å"it is wrong to believe in anything without sufficient evidence†- with reference to the non-existence of God. It will be exploring both a priori and an a posteriori argument for the existence of God. It will solely be concentrating on the Theological argument, Cosmological argument and the Ontological argument, in order, to analyse their significance and contribution in vindicating the claim for the existence of God. TheRead MoreArticle Analysis of H J McCloskeys On Being an Atheist2019 Words   |  8 Pagesthose well versed in theism can handily refute. In his discussion of the argument from design, which he links with teleological principles, the author refers to the concept of design in a way that alludes to the conviction that there are certain divine manifestations in the world that are so perfect that they must revolve around a grand architect who conceived them to be that way. Therefore, he says that proving such an argument requires indisputable examples of design or purpose (McCloskey, 1968Read MorePhilosophy Midterm Notes Essay examples900 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Anselm- the ontological argument. Posteriori truth is a truth that requires experience to be known. Priori- such propositions are knowable prior to, or independently of, experience. 1. god is by definition the greatest being possible. 2. A being who fails to exist in the actual world (while existing in other possible worlds) is less perfect than a being who exists in all possible worlds. Hence, God exists, necessarily. â€Å"maybe an ant cant conceive of a greater creature than an anteater, butRead MoreEssay about A Philoshpical Approach to Proving the Existence of God4013 Words   |  17 Pages The question of God’s existence has been debated through the history of man, with every philosopher from Socrates to Immanuel Kant weighing in on the debate. So great has this topic become that numerous proofs have been invented and utilized to prove or disprove God’s existence. Yet no answer still has been reached, leaving me to wonder if any answer at all is possible. So I will try in this paper to see if it is possible to philosophically prove God’s existence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BeforeRead MoreUnderstanding the Debate Over the Origins of Life Essay examples1104 Words   |  5 Pagesthis belief, the core of the argument relies on the idea that an almighty being created the universe and all life within it. Intelligent design rejects the claim that life came to be through an undirected process such as natural selection and believes life was created with intent and purposeful scheme by an omnipotent deity. The case for both differs in almost every way; science and religion constantly fail to reconcile. Creationists find solace in the idea of a God that designed life in a precise

Norwegian Security Policy After The Cold War Essay Example For Students

Norwegian Security Policy After The Cold War Essay Norwegian Security Policy after the Cold WarDespite widespread diplomatic discussion, and sentiment that the UN SecurityCouncil must be expanded in order to maintain its long-term legitimacy, nogenerally acceptable formula for expansion has emerged. Concerns for obtainingor retaining voting power, and for preserving a body structured so as to be ableto take prompt and effective decisions, have prevented agreement. This articlereviews various criteria for evaluating restructuring proposals, and suggests aformula that, while not fundamentally affecting the distribution of power on theCouncil, might satisfy many states minimal requirements for an acceptablepackage of changes. The end of the Cold War between East and West has strengthened Norwegiansecurity, which makes Norway no different from most other European countries. There are now more dimensions to security policy than there were when theoverriding aim was deterrence by means of ones own and allied military forces. Cold War perceptions of military threat no longer exist. In Norways particularcase, however, it is possible to talk about a remaining strategic threat, whenreferring to Russian deployments in the far north. Such a threat is only apotential one and is not imminent today. Yet it has to be acknowledged that warsbetween nations and ethnic groups have hardly been abolished. As a result, ithas become more difficult to identify the risk of armed aggression directedagainst Norway The risk would seem to reside in the escalation of a whole seriesof completely different political developments. For example, these eventualitiescould take the form of the emergence of a nationalistic dictatorship, or thedevelopment of ungovernable political chaos in formerly communist countries. Because of the existence of some very large arsenals and supplies of militaryequipment, it is important to judge the political aims of potential opponents. These can change over time, not least if they represent irrational andaggressive attitudes. The nuclear weapons of the great powers do not seem tohave any deterrent effect on violent ethnic cleansing, and the emergence ofarmed conflicts in different areas can be difficult to predict. But a countrys security can also be subject to something that has become moretopical after the Cold War: low level threats. These are related to some verydifferent types of irregular national border transgressions, for exampleinternational crime and various forms of pollution. The Cold Wars dominating concept, security by means of deterrence, iscomplemented by the concept of collective security. This harmonises well withthe traditional Norwegian approach to security policy of combining deterrencewith reassurance. The potential enemy is also a partner. A small country has noless a need for allies, but for different purposes. Following the result of the Norwegian referendum in the autumn of 1994, whichrejected EU membership, the current status of Norwegian security policy can besummarised as follows:* We are a member of NATO* an associated member of the WEU, and* our Nordic neighbours are members of the EU. FoundationsFor most of the period following the Second World War, Norway sought nationalsecurity through membership of NATO. Up until 1940 the key word was neutrality,a neutrality that was well disposed towards the British. During the Second WorldWar Norway was occupied, whilst the legal government sought exile in London. Norway took part in an overseas front on the side of the Allies. An importantNorwegian contribution to the war effort was the achievement of its largemerchant fleet. Strategic valueA basic premise of Norwegian security policy is the perception of the assumedmilitary and strategic value of Norwegian territory for the combatants in agreat power conflict. The absence of any political conflict with Norway is theprecondition for such an offensive. War between the Nordic countries is nowlooked upon as totally unimaginable and is therefore excluded from all practicalplanning. The Nordic countries together make up a security community. Norway was not involved in the First World War because it was mainly limited tothe European continent. It was a land war during which Norway was protected bythe British fleet at the same time as the German fleet was mainly held to itsown naval bases. Norway was drawn into the Second World War as the result of a strategic Germaninvasion undertaken as part of its war against England. This war was fought on amuch wider geographic scale and also developed into a war at sea. Norway, withits long coastline, became a theatre of war. Furthermore, Norwegian territorywas used as one of several launching points for Germanys war against the SovietUnion. It was the Soviet Union which later liberated parts of Eastern Finnmarkfrom the retreating German forces. During the Cold War the military value of Norwegian territory increased. Thereason for this was the build-up of large sea, air, and to a lesser extent,land-based military capacity in the Soviet North-West. Norway was regarded asthe place where NATO could lose a Third World War should the Soviet Union freelybe able to use Norwegian ports and airfields as part of the struggle to gainmilitary control over the Atlantic. Not aloneAnother fundamental premise of Norwegian security policy is the perception thatNorway, by herself, will never be able to effectively repel a great power attackor prevent a serious great power attempt to occupy the country. In need of assistanceConsequently, the third fundamental premise of Norwegian security policy is thatthe country is in need of military assistance from countries interested inpreventing an occupation of Norway. Since 1949 Norway secured such assistance bymeans of her membership in NATO. The Second World War demonstrated that Alliedhelp has to be agreed upon and preparations for it made in peacetime, if it isto be effective. The NATO alliance has fulfilled this need. But even during the Cold War, Norwegian security was not assumed to be sovulnerable as to necessitate the deployment of foreign, allied troops onNorwegian territory. The political and military cooperation in NATO was assumedto form an adequate basis for deterring any peacetime attack. It also providedthe basis for Norwegian base policy which was formulated in response to a Sovietapproach before Norway became a NATO member. The government decided that Norwayshould not open bases for the armed forces of foreign countries unless thecountry was under attack or under threat of attack. For Norway, it became animportant diplomatic instrument to be able to warn that, should there occurSoviet diplomatic or military coercion which might be interpreted as a threat oran attack, the Government could retaliate by enlisting the allied armed forces. A study in contrast the views of catherine barkley EssayNorway holds a prominent position in the campaign to abolish chemical weapons. PollutionMilitary based pollution in north-western Russia represents a particular problem. It is caused by obsolescence, dumping at sea and by overflowing stockpiles onland. Norway has worked towards involving the USA in the disarmament relatedpollution problems of North-western Russia, and has been allocated some of thefunds in a programme started by Senators Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar. A considerable pollution threat, albeit a non-military one, is represented bythe nuclear power plants and other industrial instal-lations in the area, suchas the nickel smelters there. Pollution in Norway emanating from Russia is moreextensive than total pollution from Norwegian sources. CooperationPut simply, Norway would like to see as much international cooperation aspossible in order to solve her security problems in as wide a context aspossible. USAIt is the Norwegian view that transatlantic relations with the USA are in aclass of their own. During the Cold War, no other country was able to play suchan important role for Norwegian security as the USA. There is still a widely-held belief that nobody can replace the American commitment, within the NATOframework, to ensure Norwegian security. No other country can rival the USAs position as the leading proponent ofdisarmament, where both nuclear and conventional arms are concerned. Within NATO, Norway has entered into a number of special agreements with the USA,such as pre-positioning of weapons and materiel for the marines and air force(COB), as well as other forms of explicit military cooperation. Norway hashelped limit the scope of cutbacks affecting such measures, thanks to DefenceMinister Kosmos effective diplomacy. But Norway has also other agreements withother NATO countries which ensure allied support, for example the agreement withthe German-American unit NCF (NATO Composite Force). StrategyNorway supports NATOs new strategy and forces concept enabling it to meetunforeseen challenges threatening member countries of the alliance. Norway has put an IRF battalion, an air squadron and a frigate at the disposalof NATO for immediate emergency deployment. In the meantime, two aspects have changed. During the Cold War, the greater strategic significance of Norwegian territorywas so considerable it was reckoned that alliance partners would quickly come tothe assistance of the country in an emergency. The threat against Norway was then so great that Norwegian forces had but onetask the defence of Norwegian territory. Now, by virtue of her participation in the IRF, Norway has proclaimed herwillingness to deploy military forces, in an allied context, outside ofNorwegian territory. Moreover, this can be seen as the expression of Norwaysnew resolve to demonstrate solidarity with her allied partners abroad, in orderto strengthen security cooperation with the same partners on home territory. TransatlanticFrom a Norwegian viewpoint, every transatlantic debate in NATO has been fraughtwith a certain anxiety lest the European and the American members of thealliance should develop such disagreements that Norway would have to choosesides. Important strategic considerations link Norway to the USA in a specialway. However, Norway is part of Europe geographically, historically,commercially and in other vital areas. American policy represents two challenges. The first is demilitarisation andwithdrawal from Europe. The second is the call to Western European countries toassume greater responsibility for their own security. Both challenges have a bearing on how Western European NATO members organisethemselves. It is of central importance in this connection that the WesternEuropean Union (WEU) has been chosen as NATOs European pillar. Norway is anassociated member of WEU. At the same time WEU has been named the defence arm of the European Union (EU). Full membership of WEU is only open to states who are EU members. Again, it isonly EU member countries who can take part in EUs joint foreign and securitypolicy (FUSP), which gives security policy a much broader basis than the purelymilitary. Thus the Norwegian EU question is explicitly linked to foreign policyconsiderations. Norway had since the Spring of 1994 an accession treaty for EU membership, whichwas defended not least from a security policy standpoint. But in the referendumof November 28th 1994 a majority of the Norwegian people voted againstmembership. NordicForeign and security policy cooperation between Nordic countries has developedrapidly following the Cold War era when Swedish and Finnish neutrality gave risequestions of credibility. Governments looked upon such cooperation as a steptowards anticipated EU-membership for all Nordic countries (Iceland excepted). There are, however, no indications of a Norwegian willingness to establish anyform of isolated Nordic defence cooperation. The idea of a Scandinavian defenceunion was tried and rejected in 1948/49. Norway wants to remain in NATO, and asan associated member of WEU at the very least. But following the Norwegian peoples rejection of the EU, there is a greaterrequirement to stimulate more comprehensive Nordic cooperation. Norway is a partof the European Economic Area (EEA), and as such is a sort of economic member ofthe EU, but without regular voting rights. Rejection of EU-membership does notmean the rejection of other types of cooperation. Also on grounds of securitypolicy the Norwegian Government considers it important to fully exploit the EEAagreements regulations and semi-annual consultations. FNNorways support of the UN as the guarantor of international peace and securityis dependent on superpower cooperation not being paralysed by veto. Norway has along tradition of taking part in UN peacekeeping operations. More than 1 percent of Norways entire population has served on UN assignments. This isprobably a UN record. After the Cold War the UN has regained much of its original strength. Norway hasextended her UN involvement by increasing the number of officers and troops onUN alert to 2000. Norway also supports the thinking behind a greater role forthe UN by strengthening the UNs apparatus for crisis management and operationalleadership. Norway supports the new concept: keeping the peace, which in certaincases means a willingness to take up arms in order to restore peace.

Ferguson Plarre Bakehouses for McGuigan and Eisner- myassignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about theFerguson Plarre Bakehouses for McGuigan and Eisner. Answer: The Planning Process adopted by Managers in Organizations Organizational managers develop planning to allow them achieve their set goals. Choonhaklai and Wangkanond (2014) refer to planning as the process of selecting goals and designing appropriate strategies that would make them accomplish their goals. According to McGuigan and Eisner (2003), planning offers varying benefits to organizations. Managers and their employees can develop more efforts when it comes to implementation of established plans. Planning also makes managers and employees gain persistence in their roles. This implies that they can work hard for a long time to achieve their objectives or goals (Jong, et al., 2015). Jones and Hillier (2016) maintain that even in an environment where an organization is likely to have a short-term success, it allows employees to gain more motivation and encouragement to remain focused. Managers in organizations follow a given process when they want to achieve and benefit from their goals. Several scholars that have focused on this topic, ha ve come up with different models that guides managers on ways to plan. The model points out that planning goes through five stages-setting goals, developing commitment to the goals, developing effective action plans, tracking progress to achieve the goals, and maintaining a high level of flexibility when planning. The first stage in any planning process demands that managers set goals. Choonhaklai and Wangkanond (2014) explain that the fact that planning requires management to choose on goals and design strategies that assist them achieve such goals, they must first identify and set their goals. Riley (2016) maintain that goals must be challenging to direct behaviors and achieve desirable results. For example, a goal such as to increase the sales volume by 24% in the next three years is likely to put more energy in sales team than simply stating that the sales department seeks to increase its sales volume. Besides, Riley (2016) explain that whether managers in charge of a department or an entire organization sets goals, such goals must be guided by a SMART principle. Any goal must be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and achieved within a time-bound. Above goal is specific to what the sales department wants to attain-24% increase in sales. It is measurable in that managers can measu re profits or number of units sold in quantitative terms. It is attainable because it falls within what the department performance. The goal is also time bound within a period of three years. Planning require that managers develop a high level of commitment towards the already established goals. Lee, Keil and Wong (2015) maintain that just because a manager has designed a given goal, this does not imply that employee will implement it. In case employee fail to care about the goal, this would simply mean that they will fail to gain encouragement to working harder to achieve what managers have set. Lee, et al. (2015) define commitment towards a given goal as the determination that employees develop to help them achieve the goal before them. Employees and managers work in liaison to gain commitment and ensure that the goal becomes successful. Furthermore, Wilson and Dobson (2008) posit that managers can increase commitment among employees when they involve them to participate in setting of goals. He worn that managers should not go ahead to assign or communicate to employees their goals. In fact, managers and employees should work together to select goals. It is through this that they can make a plan to work and become successful. Planning process also require that managers develop effective action plans. White (2013) refers to action plan as a list of specific actions that answers questions such as who, what, when, and how. According to the author, is that the four answers will assist managers in identifying the key people to perform the job, what to do, the time that they need to work and complete the job, and the procedure they need to follow in terms of strategy. A goal such as increasing a sales volume by 24% for a period of 3 years, would require that managers appoint sales representative and marketing department. The strategy would be to design different marketing mix strategies. While the time covers a period of three years. Indeed, effective action plans would help list down a list of to do things to achieve a plan in organization. Tracking progress of already developed goals play a key role to how far management is able to achieve organizational planning. Rose (2015) groups methods of tracking progress into proximal goals and distal goals. Managers use the former to track on their short-term goals such as those occurring within a period of 1 to 2 years. While on the other hand, the latter method involves long-term or primary goals occurring for a period of more than years. Furthermore, distal method calls for managers to collect and provide frequent performance feedback concerning goals with the objective to come up with corrective measures. Besides, both managers and employees should work is liaison to help identify strengths and weaknesses. Managers achieve success in their planning process by maintaining flexibility. Not every manager design fixed and workable plans. Sometime plans fails to work as required because of change in external or internal environment. Lin, Lan and Chuang (2013) suggest that managers can adopt options-based approach to maintain a high-level of flexibility. Managers that use this approach have been found to keep their options open through small and simultaneous investments within different plans. It is from the best alternative that managers select as workable plans. Furthermore, Eichler and Maltritz (2013) maintain that while the role of an action plan is to commit employees and limited resources towards a given course of action, the main target of an option-based planning is to make managers leave a commitment open through maintenance of slack resources. Managers prefer using a cushion of resources like finance, employees, production capacity or time to adapt to any future uncertainties. A brief summary of Ferguson Plarres organizational history Ferguson Plarre Bakehouses operates as a family owned business. The company was first established in 1901 in the Northern and Western Suburbs. Eliza Jane Ferguson first bought the restaurant in Swanston St, Melbourne in 1857. While on the other hand, Otto Plarre established reputation of his company as quality bakery in Melbourne to establish the first bakery in 1909. This was a few kilometers from that of Fergusson. For the better part of 1920s and 30s, Fergusson business sold much of its cakes to majority to Italian functions and famous Florentino restaurant. After successful operation as separate family businesses with almost similar operational models, the two companies formed a merger in June 6th, 1980 as Ferguson Plarre Bakehouses ((Ferguson Plarre 2013). The merger led to refining of product range. They considered to take the best from both businesses (Ferguson Plarre 2013). Consequently, they abolished those that failed to add value to customer experiences. Among the family members that joined the business through franchising included Anthony- Ken Fergusson as the retail manager, Steven-Ralph Plarres son as administration manager, Pam Fergusson as promotions manager, and Michael Plarre as production manager (Ferguson Plarre 2013). Research and development led to production of high quality product brands such as Tiddly Oggies, Mudcakes, Chocolate Moussecake, and Blackforest Cheesecake as the industry leading products. Ferguson Plarres approach to goal setting Goal setting starts at the point when one has completion of a strategic plan. Besides, it must align with the set mission and vision statement. Ferguson Plarre management applies centralized setting approach. Management together with the employees located in different stores, come together to make decisions. Besides, the goal hierarchy at Ferguson Plarre follows from the job output, performance targets, evaluation and feedbacks, determination of checkpoints, and final discussion of goals among managers and employees. During the job output stage, managers and subordinates discuss the output that subordinates heading different outlets are responsible. The performance targets then involves every subordinate heading a store, comes up with own formulated targets within their operational areas of responsibility. This helps meet the demand for every store. They ensure that every goal is quantitative, specific, measurable, concise and attainable, and time-bound. The last part of goal setting involves store managers discussing with Michael Plarre - production department manager. How Ferguson Plarre track progress toward goal achievement Ferguson Plarre Company adopts the use of distal goals to track records regarding the extent to which it has already achieved its goals. Management works with the store managers to collect and provide performance feedbacks (Ferguson Plarre 2012). Line managers and heads of stores provide regular and frequent performance feedback on demand from customers. Employees working in stores and the production facility can track the progress of their goals and the extent of achievement. The company obtains feedback as the major baseline from the employees safety behaviours from their makeup and wrapping department. The makeup department covers those involved in measuring, mixing of dough, rolling, and placing in pans. The baseline for employees in the processing department covers bagging, sealing, and assembling the finished cakes ready for freight to different stores (Ferguson Plarre 2012). The company human and resource department provides safety training and sets goals at 80% for the safety behaviors. Employees provide daily feedbacks that allow managers to identify possible improvement areas. References Choonhaklai, S, Wangkanond, R 2014, 'the linkage between elements in the strategic planning process: a qualitative study', International Employment Relations Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 27-43. Eichler, S, Maltritz, D 2013, 'An options-based approach to forecast competing bids: evidence for Canadian takeover battles', Applied Economics, vol. 45, no. 34, pp. 4805-4819 Ferguson Plarre 2012, Interview with Steve Plarre, Part 3: Planning, Cengage Learning Australia. Ferguson Plarre 2013, Our History, viewed {May 31, 2017}, https://www.fergusonplarre.com.au/about/history/ Jones, P, Hillier, D, 11, D 2016, 'the sustainable development goals and business', International Journal of Sales, Retailing Marketing, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 38-48. Jong, W, Lai, P, Chen, Y, Ting, Y 2015, 'Automatic process planning of mold components with integration of feature recognition and group technology', International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 78, no. 5-8, pp. 807-824 Lee, JS, Keil, M, Wong, KE 2015, 'The Effect of Goal Difficulty on Escalation of Commitment', Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 114-129 Lin, L, Lan, L, Chuang, S 2013, 'An Option-Based Approach to Risk Arbitrage in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Taiwan Takeover Attempts', Journal of Forecasting, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 512-521 McGuigan, PJ, Eisner, AB 2003, 'Overcoming Blind Spots in the Financial Planning Process', Journal of Financial Service Professionals, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 51-60. Riley, C 2016, 'Are You Aligning Training Goals With Business Goals? Four Steps to Establish Congruency', Professional Safety, vol. 61, no. 9, p. 20. Rose, P 2015, 'Is a global system of international large-scale assessments necessary for tracking progress of a post-2015 learning target?', Compare: A Journal of Comparative International Education, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 486-490 Smit, J. P 2007. Management principles: A contemporary edition for Africa. Juta and Company Ltd, 2007 Takami, MY, Tabak, BM 2011, 'Prediction of default risk: An options-based approach applied to the Brazilian banking sector', Journal of Banking Regulation, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 167-179. White, C 2013, 'Setting goals for the business bank', Works Management, vol. 66, no. 2, p. 10. Wilson, SB, Dobson, MS 2008, Goal Setting: How to Create an Action Plan and Achieve Your Goals, 2nd ed, AMACOM, New York

I Am Legend Analysis Essay Example

I Am Legend Analysis Paper Robert Neville (Will Smith) is a brilliant scientist, but even he could not contain the terrible virus that was unstoppable, incurable and manmade. Somehow immune, Neville is now the last human survivor in what is left of New York City and maybe the world. But he is not alone. He is surrounded by the Infected victims of the plague who have mutated into carnivorous beings who can only exist in the dark and who will devour or infect anyone or anything in their path. For three years, Neville has spent his days scavenging for food and supplies and faithfully sending out radio messages, desperate to find any other survivors who might be out there. All the while, the Infected lurk in the shadows, watching Neville? s every move, waiting for him to make a fatal mistake. Perhaps mankind? s last, best hope, Neville is driven by only one remaining mission: to find a way to reverse the effects of the virus using his own immune blood. But his blood is also what The Infected hunt, and Neville knows he is outnumbered and quickly running out of time. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Legend Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Legend Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Legend Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer MY THOUGHTS. From my personal point of view for Smith to play a character thats alone throughout an entire film and to pass it off so well, he deserves a round of applause. What attracts me to the film so deeply is not just the story but the elegance of how well the film adapts and plays out. The audience are straight away emotionally connecting with Robert Neville (Smith) and i found myself striving for him to find the viral cure and some means means of civilization. The audience are teared through themes of honour, pride, passion, love, hate, determine, i felt as though i was close to shedding a tear many times throughout the film. Up until the very end of the film things got gradually worse for smith. For me the most sad but beautiful shot in the entire film is when Roberts god Samantha gets killed and smith drives off in his SUV. The camera pans out from Smith to show a spectacular view of road and cars just justifieing how alone Smith really is in the world and how emotionally, mentally and physically lonely he is. Not only is he the last man in New York but his only means of interaction that happened to be with his dog are also lost, even the most manly of men became in touch with the femanine side there. Overall i rate this film 9. 5/10, to me the only downside to the film was that i found it to be a little short in length. My favourite aspect has to be that ironic contrast of Robert Neville not only living inside New York but in Washington Square. In Henry James Novel Washington Square the characters within the novel loose everything they have and own much like Robert does. Within the novel only one character composes them self (Catherine) and strives for what she believes in. Catherine wont and doesnt let her farther take control of her. Robert Neville wont let everything destruct and leave the world to fray, I wont let this happen. Catherine and Robert share many comparisons in character and are unquestionably alike. Bear in mind I am legend was wrote after Washington Square. A definate must see film, real action, real emotional and plenty of determination. KP. Analysis The Will Smith blockbuster I Am Legend was an undeniable box office success. Having set the record for the highest grossing December opening ever ($77. 2 mil. ), it is safe to say that audiences everywhere loved the film. Yet there were many who were left feeling cold and empty with the rather incongruous ending. Why was there this sudden tangible shift in the narrative during the last 10 minutes? It wasn’t until the recent release of an alternate version of the film on DVD that those who were left bewildered in the theaters finally found the ending they had hoped for. So why was one version so much more emotionally fulfilling than the other? Hollywood executives are terrified of downer endings and this was, without a doubt, a bona-fide Tragedy. In this version, Neville (Will Smith) not only failed to find a cure, he also came to discover that he was responsible for murdering hundreds of sentient and evolving beings who were fully capable of that all important human quality love. Despondent and disgusted with himself, he could do nothing more than crumple to the floor in shameful hopelessness. http://storyfanatic. com/2008/04/08/i-am-legend-analysis/

The Mixed Blessing of Online Research

The Mixed Blessing of Online Research The Mixed Blessing of Online Research The Mixed Blessing of Online Research By Mark Nichol A recent report about the pluses and perils of online searching by students has lessons for all writers, regardless of age, who use the Internet for research. A survey found that though most schoolteachers believe that digital search technology is beneficial, it also encourages more superficial searching, and that conundrum applies to the populace in general and to writers in particular. Writers, like students, are more self-reliant than ever about obtaining information. Although reference librarians are still available to help them search for publications or other resources, and online portals to research materials abound, writers are likely to seek out the documents and other media themselves using computers and other digital devices rather than resorting to a visit to the library. Meanwhile, larger publications that once employed their own reference staff, realizing that workers can easily do research on their own, have long since eliminated such positions. The result is that many digital explorers seek out information randomly, often relying on the first return for a search result rather than the best, or at best one or more selections among several high-ranking responses that may not be the most authoritative. Just as students frequently no longer engage in satisfying their intellectual curiosity, opting instead for a quick fix, writers seeking source material to develop an article or an essay or a report, or a fiction or nonfiction book, are likely to miss out on nuances or fail to realize that a resource they’re relying on is of questionable validity or is controversial. For students and writers alike, the faster pace of their daily responsibilities, the increased pressure to produce, and heavier workloads exacerbate the problem. So, as with any endeavor that suddenly seems easier than it used to, writers seeking information online must do so with caution, lest they become overconfident or otherwise careless. Here are seven tips for conducting online research: 1. Become familiar with established authoritative online sources pertinent to your profession or area of interest. 2. Research alternatives to Google that may be more specific to your needs. 3. Brainstorm and use multiple keywords to conduct a thorough search. 4. Bookmark and/or record helpful portals and sites. 5. Use Wikipedia, but only as a portal to other resources. 6. Be alert for subjective content, conflicts of interest, and propaganda when you’re seeking impartial information. 7. Be skeptical about poll and survey results and reader reviews. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†26 Feel-Good WordsIf I Was vs. If I Were

Why is censorship ineffective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why is censorship ineffective - Essay Example As going to be critically analysed below, it can be noted that with the new dispensation of methods of communication obtaining on the ground during the contemporary period, censorship of the media is gradually becoming ineffective. Indeed, libel laws as well as the secrets acts are meant to protect the interests of the nation such as peace and tranquillity. It is the duty of the government to protect the nation while at the same time the press maintains that the public has the right to know (Dennis and DeFleur 1994). Therefore, an inherent conflict exists between the right to press freedom and the need to control the information disseminated by the media that can be damaging to the government. For instance, many countries have regulations that prohibit the broadcast of illicit content such as pornography as this would be damaging particularly to the young viewers who can be corrupted behaviourally. Different acts of parliament are in place in many countries which seek to regulate the operations of the broadcast industry so as to ensure that the amount of hate speech is checked as well as to ensure that the dissemination of certain information does not threaten the security of the country. In the same vein, lic ensing as well as regulatory bodies are in place to regulate the print media. Depending with the country, other governments actually require the editors to censor the content of their newspapers prior to publication so as to remove information which is deemed to be unfit for public consumption. In countries such China, Russia, Cuba and other countries in Latin America as well as developing African countries, there are statutory regulations that compel the mass media to abide by certain statutory regulations where censorship is given prominence in some instances. Whilst the notion of free press has dominated the media fraternity, it can be noted that such a right is not absolute in some of the above mentioned countries so as to contain the levels of civil

Supply chain or operational challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supply chain or operational challenges - Essay Example Companies have opted to relocate their manufacturing to low-cost countries across the world in order to respond to the customer’s satisfactions and demands on price expectations. The relocation is done to reduce the indirect and direct costs at the same time minimizing taxes. Global suppliers contribute to the problems that come with delivery time that is extended. In the emerging markets, customers not only want products of lower prices but also timely delivery of their products. Global chain of supply is complex. Adding this to the ever-changing feature makes the challenge greater. The customers immediately put pressure to the company to come up with something big next time after the release of the product. Innovation is, therefore, an important element in today’s market. To enhance their products, companies are forced to redesign their products so that they can meet the market demand. The demand of the customers in the modern market is more demanding than ever. Companies are trying hard to expand their distribution towards the emerging market to increase the growth in their revenues and market shares. Several companies are working had to expand both foreign and home markets. The introduction of new markets possesses difficulties from government policies, fees and trading policies. Companies have responded positively with global networks, expansion of markets and innovation of products. Several companies, today, rely on supply chain managers to optimize on the value chains so that they can remain competitive in the market (Shankar et al., pg.

Supply and or demand paper on Apple iphone 5 Research

Supply and or demand on Apple iphone 5 - Research Paper Example The features of the iphone 5 are high tech and do very well with technology savvy customers. Iphone’s user friendliness and looks have won complete control over users. The market has seen the peak of apple Iphone 5 demands when just after the three days of release over 5 million of them have been sold, it has been listed on the charts of apple company (2012). A detailed interview from CEO of Apple Company Mr. Tim Cook had said that the success of apple I phone 5 has been brilliant and they are over whelmed with the response. So, he showed an intended desire to make productions rapid and provide apple Iphone 5 in hands of every person who dreams to hold it. The demand is increasing with every passing day and company is under lot of pressure to manufacture Iphone for everyone. Such things consume time, the initial supply has been completely sold out and regular shipment transportations are going on. Also, there is facility for consumers that they can order online and are allotte d a specific delivery date, so this is how demand is being satisfied (Harrison et al., 2012). Table 1.1: The journey of Apple iphone through the years There has been an incredible increase in demand of apple Iphone 5. There has been placing of pre-booking orders by customers for Iphone. Two million was the ratings for demand for apple Iphone 5, which is far more than the Iphone 4’s. Approximately it was double in number then the previous one which is a land mark and a huge success in its own self. There are growing numbers of orders and deliveries everyday and the numbers of lover of apple Iphone 5 range are increasing by the day. The demand and supply charts are rising higher into about 22 major countries over the world. Countries contain Switzerland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, Spain, Sweden and Belgium. (Paczkowski, 2012). Table 1.2: Demand graph for the Apple iphone 5 Cause of Demand Shift The major reason behind the shifting demand of consumer all over is due to the latest technology and high definition real time inspiring features. The reviews are mostly mixed in terms of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of consumers, but the entire blend has resulted into a huge success of time for Apple Company. After the launch of apple iphone 4, there has been a serious competition between the several smart phone companies with regard to the desirability and durability for the working and usage. Still the exclusive release of Iphone 5 has managed to wash all the competitors. The prominent features include the four inch flat interesting wide screen. The length also increased, the wide screen and huge clear displays are already a mark of apple Iphone series. The opening for the headphones has been shifted to the either side accordingly and is extremely useful for the users to handle, and make way out to get to your ears. As compared to the previous version, the speakers are far bigger and sound quality is much more profound, clear and deeper. Then there is lightening connector, which is additional in nature. One the whole it has bigger screen quite prominent, 4G compatibility power race and above all better and improved front facing camera for perfect view (Hughes, 2012). Market reputation and impact is the real developer of status

Ways to Prevent Human Trafficking | Essay

Ways to Prevent Human Trafficking | Essay Throughout the world today, a silent plague has been sweeping the nations. Although it may be more prevalent in third world countries, its presence also roams the streets of more progressive nations (Kelly, 2001). According to the Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States Department of State (2004), human trafficking is modern-day slavery, involving victims who are forced, defrauded or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation (para. 1). Anti-trafficking initiatives are already in place and, while this may be a step in the right direction, it cannot be denied that more needs to be done. Because human trafficking is a worldwide predicament, government and non-government organizations must strengthen their initiatives and extend these efforts to create and to implement laws that would reduce trafficking, improve the lives of the victims, and make the community more aware of this inhumane act. In relation to this, the purpose of this research paper is to provide the reader with sufficient information on the different efforts of government and non-government organizations (NGO) to abolish human trafficking. In addition, suggestions on the improvement of these existing programs are also tackled. Lastly, the goal of this paper is to raise awareness about human trafficking as an intolerable crime. In order to reach these objectives, extensive research on the causes and effects of human trafficking was done. Aside from this, the researchers also examined various anti-trafficking efforts all over the world and the needed measures for the total abolishment of human trafficking. A Heart of Steel Human trafficking clearly violates numerous human rights, particularly those pertaining to personal freedom. It can be considered a modern form of slavery because, aside from the fact that victims are bought and sold like commodities, they are subjected to forced labor that ranges from manual work in sweatshops to prostitution in brothels (Sharma, 2001). Women and children are mostly the victims of this horrendous crime. Across international borders, it has been estimated that 600,000 to 800,000 men, women, and children are trafficked, and the number is only getting higher. 70 percent of these trafficked individuals are women and 50 percent are children (Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons of the United States Department of State, 2004). On one hand, women serve as domestic workers, prostitutes, and mail-order brides to abusive employers or husbands without their full consent. Children, on the other hand, become pitiful victims of sexual exploitation and child labor. Despite receiving promises of well-paying jobs and legitimate employment from their recruiters, the victims find themselves in a constant state of abuse and helplessness under their employers (Kelly, 2001). The control their employers have over them can be attributed to two things. The first is debt bondage, wherein victims pay off the amount their employers paid for them through forced labor. They receive no pay or little pay until the money has been reimbursed. When they are able to pay it off, they are informed that they have incurred additional debts through lodging, food, and other expenses. In some cases, the victims are told that the money is being held for them or sent to their families back home (Kelly, 2001). Because they do not directly receive the money, they are unable to escape from their jobs. The second factor trapping the victims is the lack of legal documents needed in order for them to flee. Most of the victims have been transported through illegal means, including falsified documents and passports (Kelly, 2001). This makes it impossible for them to contact the authorities and to ask for help, in fear of being seen as illegal immigrants and being deported to their home country shamefully. Also, upon arrival at their destination, recruiters and employers confiscate whatever documents the victims possess and forbid them from contacting anyone, including members of their own family. Deprived of any means of escaping, they are forced to continue with their work, no matter how deplorable the conditions may be. Because of their powerlessness, they are left vulnerable to many forms of abuse (Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States Department of State, 2004). Domestic workers are prone to physical and sexual abuse. Several of them report that they have been battered, sexually assaulted, and raped (Cheung, Karlekar, De Dios, Vichit-Vadakan, Quisumbing, 1999). Prostitutes recall being verbally abused, being assaulted, and being forced to have intercourse against their will. Since they have no control over the sexual acts they will perform, they are often brutalized by their customers (Kelly, 2001). They are unable to refuse because their pimps or managers beat them up or threaten to stop sending money to their families once they do so (Sharma, 2001). In children, they are beaten up, molested, and sometimes, forced into child pornography or prostitution (Katsuma, 2001). Even after the ordeal is over, trafficked victims continue to carry scars from their horrifying experiences. Women who once worked as prostitutes end up with unwanted pregnancies or, worse, HIV/AIDS (Sharma, 2001). Aside from this, child laborers are severely malnourished and suffer from various respiratory infections and diseases as a result of exposure to toxic fumes in factories. The children have underdeveloped intellectual and mental capacities, not only because of the lack of education, but also because of exposure to an environment not fit for their age. Trafficking victims are often psychologically damaged, left with a feeling of inferiority and a low self-esteem (NGO Group for the CRC Sub-Group on Child Labour, 2002). Trafficking and the Mafia Aside from human rights violations, trafficking is a major global concern because of its contribution to the growth of international organized crime. According to Salt (as cited in Bruckert Parent, 2002), because human trafficking involves source, transit, and destination countries, it requires considerable amounts of money, connections to powerful people in many countries, and good organization, in order to be carried out successfully. Aside from this, the routes used for trafficking are the same as those used for the drug trade, and it is a known fact that the drug trade is controlled by these criminal groups. All these establish and support a link between human trafficking and international organized crime. In fact, several criminal groups have been reportedly involved in human trafficking activities. Chinese triads traffic women from Russia and the Ukraine into brothels in Macao and Hong Kong (Ovchinsky, 2007). Also, the highly notorious Russian mob smuggle women from the former Soviet Union into Israel, sometimes using them to hide weapons that they are smuggling as well (Israel- A Human Trafficking Haven, 2004). Despite these facts and reports, it remains hard for authorities to apprehend traffickers because of the clandestine nature of human trafficking itself. Even illegal recruiters who run small-scale operations in rural areas are hard to track because they can easily disguise themselves as acquaintances of the family of the victim. Also, human trafficking is made possible by political corruption. Recruiters may initiate the process, but the furtive transfer of the victims from one area to another requires some sort of conspiracy between the traffickers and certain authorities. Traffickers are known to bribe government officials in order for them to pass through the borders and for the falsified documents to be disregarded. For example, in Bosnia, local immigration officials were reported to have received free sexual services from prostitutes in brothels in exchange for deliberately ignoring the fact that these women were trafficked (Agbu, 2003). Working Things Out Actions done by governments and non-government organizations have greatly reduced trafficking and have protected those most susceptible to it (Bureau of Public Affairs of the United States Department of State, 2004). Just by beginning with rural areas to local urban communities where human trafficking is egregiously present, different government and non-government organizations (NGOs) have shown concern regarding this issue by implementing ordinances and laws to serve as a halt to the mentioned illegal deed. Both international and national laws have likewise been passed to stop human trafficking. In view of the fact that trafficking is an international social predicament, plans made by governments for protection and prevention have been well-promulgated among societies. Nevertheless, people who are of full-knowledge regarding the laws and its impact on culprits and still choose to infringe it may be punished depending on the gravity of lawbreaking. Given that children and women are surveyed to have the most number of trafficking cases, most international efforts give much attention and focus to such cases. The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children aims to establish a clearly defined international standard regarding trafficking cases (Raymond, n.d.). The United Nations (UN) provides a comprehensive account of the many challenges facing the international community and of the joint ongoing efforts to find solutions. This action by the UN (2000) towards the prevention of human trafficking upholds that effective action to prevent and combat trafficking in persons, especially women and children, requires a comprehensive international approach in the countries of origin, transit and destination that includes measures to prevent such trafficking, to punish the traffickers and to protect the victims of such trafficking, including by protecting their internationally recognized human rights (p. 2). Also, governments have implemented measures to provide for the physical, psychological, and social recovery of trafficked women and children, including, in appropriate cases, the cooperation of NGOs, other relevant organizations, and other elements of civil society. An example of the aforementioned organizations includes the International Labour Convention (ILO). The ILO recognizes the newly approved law of Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act or RA 9231. This law eliminates the worst forms of child labor such as slavery, prostitution and pornography, drug trafficking, and any work that is hazardous to the health and safety of children. By any violation to this law, a person will automatically be imprisoned, the length of time depending on how grave the trafficking act is (Establishments employing children warned, 2005). At the present time, most third-world countries implement a kind of judicial reform that would allow victims to demand strong penalties for the traffickers-enough to provide deterrence to an extremely profitable criminal activity. The Anti-Human Trafficking Law of the Philippines allows victims to take action against traffickers. Basically, this law not only provides the right for victims to decide on how grave the chastisement they want the traffickers to go through, but also the assistance, recovery, and rehabilitation of trafficked victims from their traumatic experience under these criminals. This way, the Anti-Human Trafficking Law does not only reduce the number of trafficking cases, but also alleviates the pain caused by this crime to its victims (Solidarity Philippines Australia Network, 2003). A Victims Plea International and local groups have been established to specifically combat human trafficking. Different governments and NGOs have come up with departments that can help stop human trafficking. In the Philippines, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) launched a National Family Violence Prevention Program where families are informed about the rights of women and children as well as the necessary actions to protect them. To prevent trafficking in children, social workers have been posted at the airports to monitor the travel of children abroad. As to NGOs, GABRIELA, which is the national alliance of womens organizations in the Philippines, is actively involved in massive awareness campaigns to prevent the trafficking of women and girls from the country along with the National Commission on the Role of the Filipino Women (NCRFW) who has been aggressively advocating policies and programs to stop trafficking in women and children, foremost of which is the enactment of a n anti-trafficking bill into law (Espada, 2003). In addition to that, an anti-human trafficking confederacy such as the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women works with international policymakers and human rights advocates to promote womens rights and to stop human trafficking (Kelly, 2001). In this case, laws and ordinances do not only cover local communities nor nations as a whole, but also includes international or world-wide policymaking. With the help of the UN and other global federations, a basic notion of equity in terms of policies and laws can be implemented among nations. Moreover, under local cases, the Visayan Forum Foundation raises awareness about trafficking in the Philippines and provides halfway houses for trafficked victims (Odronia, 2008). Awareness about the effects of trafficking among its victims and the consequences that traffickers may go through is a vital aspect for the organization. Averting an Unambiguous Malfeasance Because human trafficking in not yet completely abolished, there is a need to improve existing programs and to create new ones that are more efficient and comprehensive. Kelly (2001) asserts that, since human trafficking is a major global concern, there is a need to develop a legal framework with appropriate penalties, which provides redress for all the ways in which traffickers and exploiters violate womens human rights and is effective in prosecuting these crimes (p. 35). Furthermore, she stresses the need to improve on current anti-human trafficking initiatives, suggesting that, including measures directed at the young men who recruità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and daring to target demand, at home and abroad, would be a radical and welcome step (p.35). The government should also see to it that the criminals involved in these crimes get the right punishment. There have been incidences wherein the government has turned a blind eye to these issues, therefore making the existing laws ineffectual. Despite the existence of laws, trafficking remains widespread particularly because of the corruption and the indifference of government officials (Sharma, 2001). A single policy will not be able to solve the problem entirely, but it will greatly contribute to the solution. In addition, combating problems such as crime, poverty, migration, labor, mental health, and law enforcement, should also be part of anti-trafficking initiatives, as these problems are related to and often lead to trafficking (Sharma, 2001). By addressing these issues and finding solutions to them, there would be a lesser need for people to resort to illegal means such as human trafficking. Awareness vs. Oblivion Bringing awareness to the people about anti-human trafficking initiatives should also be one of the main concerns of these government and non-government organizations. As Sharma (2001) stated, public awareness campaigns are imperative to bring issues of sexual trafficking before the public in order to stimulate community based support (p. 49). It is important to a society to have citizen cooperation because without this, more people become vulnerable to becoming victims of these illegal and degrading crimes. Traffickers capitalize on their victims ignorance and desperation to get out of poverty. As a matter of fact, poverty is the leading cause of human trafficking. Because of poverty, people are deprived of the essential education that they need to acquire jobs (Cheung, Karlekar, De Dios, Vichit-Vadakan, Quisumbing, 1999). These people end up considering illegal options, and human trafficking is one of them. This does not just pertain to the victims, but the traffickers themselves. They take advantage of those people who are willing to work and deceive them with false promises of legitimate employment. The victims, seeing no other alternative and completely unaware of the possible consequences, succumb to the lures of migration and find themselves in forced labor or slavery-like conditions (Kelly, 2001). Because of this, local governments, especially in rural areas, should educate the citizens on how to recognize human trafficking and what to do when faced with such an ordeal as they cannot be proactive if they are not well-informed about the situation (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, n.d.). This can be done through various forms of media such as infomercials, documentaries, print media, and the like. These forms of media can serve to inform the viewers about the telltale signs of human trafficking and to promulgate existing laws in order to deal with the increasing number of human trafficking cases. As a matter of fact, various NGOs and other groups have utilized the media in order to spread vital information about human trafficking. The Save the Children organization has worked with networks for the broadcasting of television segments containing hotline numbers of various anti-trafficking organizations (Anti-Sex Trafficking Organization, 2005). Under local cases, the Phil ippine Overseas Employment Agency has released an anti-trafficking infomercial airing on local TV networks (United States Department of State, 2007). Aside from this, the different anti-human trafficking campaigns should have full support and cooperation from the government in order for them to be as effective and well-spread as possible (Kelly, 2001). These campaigns are mostly needed in more rural areas of a country since most of the victims come from these areas. As stated earlier, these people are usually desperate to get out of poverty that they do not know the true nature of this horrendous felony. Hand in Hand: A Conclusion The eradication of human trafficking cannot be done overnight. Even the toughest anti-trafficking legislation will be ineffective without the support it needs. This is why programs by both government and non-government organizations call for global cooperation and local participation in order for the complete abolishment of human trafficking to be achieved (United Nations Population Fund, n.d.). Human trafficking is an issue that needs to be addressed because, aside from the fact that it perpetuates crime all over the world, it severely damages the lives of its innocent victims. Measures to reduce trafficking have been taken by governments and non-government organizations, and these include the creation of both international and national anti-trafficking laws and programs for the prevention of trafficking and rehabilitation of trafficking victims. However, it is evident that more needs to be done. Aside from having more aggressive campaigns against human trafficking, raising awareness for prevention should be at the forefront of all anti-trafficking initiatives. With an activity as clandestine and as lucrative as human trafficking, it may appear that the battle cannot be won. Initiatives taken to eradicate trafficking have only been successful in reducing it. However, in the 19th century, slavery was abolished worldwide. If it has been done once, then surely it can be done again. With the needed support from the international and national level, the dream of abolishing trafficking may soon be realized. Effects of IPods on Childhood | Annotated Bibliography Effects of IPods on Childhood | Annotated Bibliography Are iPads healthy or poisonous apples in early childhood? Have we ever thought there was too much technology at early years? In the past few years, technology has developed rapidly. Electronic devices have been applied everywhere. Since the launch of iPad in 2010, it has become increasingly popular in early-years learning. Nowadays in early age, children are more accessible to the iPad devices than ever before. Parents are buying them for their children and allowing them to use freely. They consider iPad as their â€Å"electronic nanny† which engages the child throughout, allowing parents more free time for themselves. They believed that iPad is not only harmless but also function as an educator to their children, pushing their technological intelligence to the next level. As a teacher, I am often asked by the parents to recommend some educational apps, which could help their children learn at home. In my opinion, the existence of latest mass communication media symbolizes the rapid advancement of our modern world. This breakthrough enhances the convenience of sharing and searching information amongst the children. Media exposure enriches their knowledge in terms of life quality. However, the British leading psychologist Dr. Aric Sigman indicated ‘‘Children should be banned from using computers until they are 9 years old because the early use of technology is destroying the development of their intelligence.’’ (2010, British Dailymail) Furthermore, the recent report of Singman’s relevant research pointed that using electronic equipment for long period of time would affect children’s attention as well as their social skills. In addition, a child who watches the popular 3D movies frequently would affect his/her perspective development. Based on Sigman’s view, I have the urge to read more literatures, and thus explore the impact of technology usage on children in early years. Annotated Bibliography Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3),  265-299. doi:10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03 Bandura promoted the concept of â€Å"social cognitive theories†. In this article, it focuses on discussing the increasing role of the media and the effects of modeling. He indicates that behaviour can be learned via social prompts, and values are learned through human modeling behaviour. Bandura’s theoretical structure describes how observational learning including direct pathway and socially meditated pathway that influence extensive behaviour changes. Bandura puts a lot of effort of developing social cognition study and has published many books and journal articles about this theory. This article links social cognition theory with the roles of electronic media and mass communication, gives us an in-depth understanding of how children change their behaviour based on the models of others. Media has strong impact in the learning of social roles and responsibilities. Cicconi, M. (2014). Vygotsky meets technology: A reinvention of collaboration in the early  childhood mathematics classroom. Early Childhood Education Journal, 42(1), 57-65.  doi:10.1007/s10643-013-0582-9 This journal article examines the implications of Vygotsky’s social learning theory in the early- childhood classroom. The findings suggest that the use of educational technology increases children’s confidence and willingness to share their knowledge, fostering communication and collaboration in learning mathematics. The author discusses the use of three web-based tools, Voke, VoiceThread, and Vodcasts, which engage children with great enthusiasm, and empowering them of all abilities. The research also indicates that children, who armed with instructional technology, the amount of interaction, collaboration and scaffolding are increased. As an educator, the author stresses that the practical instructional technology demonstrates positive impact in learning where children could collaborate effectively. Elliott-Hall, G. (2013). Learning together with iPads. Every Child, 19 (4), 22-23. In this article, Giulia Hall gives an overview of how iPads enrich the learning environment and enhance children’s learning. She states the importance of using iPads to support young children and meeting their learning needs. With iPads, the selection of learning activities is mainly focus on literacy and numeracy. In order to function it well, teacher should develop rules for children by following instructions while using iPads in class. Hall also describes the advantages of using iPads. They are: documenting children’s learning, keeping track on children’s learning progress, developing independence of individual learning and promoting interaction by grouping kids in pairs and using iPads as a positive reinforcer to reward for positive and on-task behaviour. In summary, Hall indicates that iPads helps provide more guidance and modeling in a small group setting, children’s experience with digital technologies enable them to interact, share ideas and create new things. Haddon, L. (2013). Mobile media and children. Mobile Media Communication, 1(1), 89-95.  doi:10.1177/2050157912459504 This article examines a range of research issues with regards to children and digital devices. They are 1.Children’s screen time. There is a growing trend that children spend more time in screen activities; 2. The need for establishing rules of children’s use of technology devices in different social spaces; 3. Challenges of handling the increment of technological options, in terms of age and social norms; 4. The impact on children’s cognitive development; 5. Problems that associate with parental involvement and the difficulties of monitoring, such as bedroom privacy; 6.The potential growth of new logistical challenges, including problems with picking children up in the car; 7. The possession of digital devices within peer groups. All these issues were discussed in various contexts with different cultural perspective towards children and adolescents. McCarthy, C. (2014). Should babies and toddlers use iPads? Harvard Health Publications.  Harvard Commentaries on Health. This article discusses the impact of traditional screen devices towards toddlers in terms of interaction and creativity. It also made contrast between traditional devices and iPads. The author stresses the ideal activity for toddlers is to involve active and exploratory play together with adult, displaying a sense of human touch. Toddlers sitting long time in front of a screen leads to problem with attention. Children imitating TV program with high level of violence can make them more aggressive. In comparison between iPads and traditional screen devices, the former has the quality of better than play toys, more interactive and at the same time tailor to children’s age and learning needs. The author advises that old fashioned play is better than an iPad for children’s development, the amount of time for children to play iPad should not exceed an hour a day. In addition, parents can refer to the reviews on the selected Apps and determine its level of suitability for thei r children and interact with them. Sigman, A. (2012). Time for a view on screen time. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 97(11),  935. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302196 The author indicates that watching screen media is the main leisure of children in this computer age. Children nowadays spent high amount of time on all sorts of screen devices. It has become part of their lives. Undesirable information affects children’s cognitive development. Prolong usage of view screen media contributes to personal health risk, lacking physical activities. Children who watch television and consume food affect its duration of consumption, as it extends beyond the usual time of watching. Body fat mass increment is largely affected by continuous hours of TV watching. Depriving physical activities result in unfavorable health condition. Extensive computer games addiction causes subsequent attention problems and in childhood and even late adolescence stage. Children, who spent more time watching television or using computer exhibit higher level of psychological and emotional difficulties, Social skills diminish as more new technologies skills are acquired. A reduction in screen exposure significantly elevates improvement in child health and development. The impact of uncontrolled and unscreened media that are made available to the children is generally unhealthy life styles. Sherman, T. M. Kurshan, B. L. (2005). Constructing learning: Using technology to support teaching for understanding. Learning Leading with Technology, 32(5), 10-39. In this journal article Sheman and Kurshan advocates that online mass communication allows students and adults to work together from apart effectively solving specific problems under their umbrella of advance technology. It is a tool where students can utilize and maximize their learning capability even from home. Technology is considered as multiple platforms for social interactions. Through network learning platform, students and teachers could discuss questions in different locations, which enables students to express their thoughts as well as expanding their understanding. Technology-based activities not only develop students’ intelligence but also facilitating their collaboration of problem solving. Sherman and Kurshan conclude that through organised interaction, it becomes another form of social activities. Stein, M. T. (2011). The effects of media use in children. Journal Watch. Pediatrics Adolescent  Medicine, doi:10.1056/PA201112280000002 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) conducted a research on media exposure in early childhood, and its effect on children and adolescents in 2011. In the process of the survey, children under the age of 2 denote that 90% of children watch media, such as television and videos. At age 3, 30%of children have televisions in their room, which drastically affects their sleep pattern. Over exposure to TV affects their speech expression, a drop in their executive function and attention problems. Delayed sleep, obesity and fatigue results from over exposure of TV watching are unhealthy practices. Parental intervention, guidance and discussion with their children are necessary to handle their emotions and social behaviour. This article provides strong evidence of supported data in terms of the children’s behaviour in the presence of long duration media exposure. Suazo-Garcia, B., Attewell, P. A., Battle, J. (2003). Computers and young children: Social  benefit or social problem? Social Forces, 82(1), 277-296. doi:10.1353/sof.2003.0075 This research involves school-age children and examines the correlates of time spent at home with computers. It reviews the popular topic of whether computing promotes or reduces young children’s cognitive skills, well-being aspects and learning development. It indicates that computers rob away some normal experiences, such as outdoor activities and social interaction time with peers or other adults. Most children rely largely on playing computer games and stay away from pure educational programs and activities. It reflects on a decline in participating social networks and tends to be more of a loner. The research also reveals that computer integration should be implemented into classroom teaching as many school works are done via computer. Heavy usage of home computers for eight or more hours weekly is linked to less time on physical activities. Furthermore, long term sitting can cause vision problem and bad posture problem. This article highlights on the importance of reduci ng time spent on home computer. Wood, E., Specht, J., Willoughby, T., Mueller, J. (2008). Integrating computer technology in early childhood education environments: Issues raised by early childhood educators. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 54(2), 210. This study explores the issues faced by the educators with regard to the integration of technology in early childhood education environment. It addresses different perspectives of the children, parents and the educators through the survey responses. Educator pointed that computers is not age-appropriate for very young children, it limits their social interaction with peers and the engagement of social problem-solving. Through the group discussions, they revealed their concerns about the potential loss of traditional educational formats, such as hands-on learning experiences. However, they did acknowledge that computers are the useful learning tool for older children, as it allows children to share information and learn independently. This article discusses the role of computers and provides a better understanding to parents and early childhood educators. Conclusion: Technology is a double sided sword, it has its advantages and disadvantages. Its application depends largely on the integrity of the user. For instance, iPads are like cars and the iPad user are like the drivers. Many accidents are caused by reckless drivers, the problem lies in the mentality and the skills of the driver, rather than the function of the car. As our children are innocent, dependent and vulnerable, parental guidance and engagement is crucial at this junction. Constant monitoring and interaction with the children’s engagement with their iPad is of utmost importance. Parents and teachers involvement in constructive learning with the children, results in more closely monitored in their engaging activities. Establishing rules, controlled timing on iPads usage and careful selection of suitable Apps are the key settings towards healthy learning environment. It promotes their mental and social development in a positive way. We can simply say that a healthy apple is attained when the above mentioned criteria are met.

Frankenstein and If Nights Could Talk Essay -- comparison compare cont

Frankenstein and If Nights Could Talk      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though most people associate the word "monster" with ghouls, goblins, and other creations of the horror genre, monsters can exist in the more common shape of human beings. People who have suffered sexual abuse, people who suffered neglect as children, and people who have chemical imbalances in their brains have committed worse crimes than Bram Stoker's Dracula ; Adolf Hitler seems more of a monster than Mary Shelley's. However, most people who can behave so horribly towards other humans were not born monsters; rather their experiences and relationships molded their hideous forms. As Shelley's Frankenstein and Marsha Recknagel's memoir If Nights Could Talk demonstrate, the experiences of those who care for these creatures affect their fates as well.    Mary Shelley, or perhaps Victor, neglects to give the monster a name and refers to him as "the monster" or "the daemon" throughout the novel, however he does not truly become a monster until he commits William's murder. The monster had no murderous impulses when first created; Victor simply called him so because of his hideous appearance. While spending his first night alone in the forest, the monster felt "...half frightened, as it were, instinctively, finding myself so desolate...but feeling pain on both sides, I sat down and wept" (Shelley 71). Like a child, though not in the shape of one, the monster helplessly suffered as he tried to find his way in a strange world without a parent to guide him. When he finally finds himself at De Lacey's cottage, the monster shows interest in humanity and a longing to become a part of society. He reads Milton's Paradise Lost, Plutarch's Lives, and Goethe's Sorro... ...ered his family. As nurturers, Marsha and Victor's experiences with being nurtured affect the monster and Jamie, as well as their own experiences with mankind. Perhaps these two stories demonstrate the idea that parents raise their children either exactly the same as they were raised or exactly the opposite. While both choose to raise their monsters in opposite ways from which they had been raised, one monster changes back into a man though the other does not change his shape but perhaps he could not. When Jamie changes his name to Dante, he reasons that both he and Dante went to Hell and came back; but for the monster he cannot come back from his Hell, rather it exists all around him.    Works Cited Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1994. Recknagel, Marsha. If Night Could Talk New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001.   

It Is Better to Be Ruled by a Philosopher King Essay

If one wishes to perfect one’s soul and reach enlightenment, then it is definitely better for that one to be ruled by a philosopher-king; however, if one’s main goal in life is to live happily and securely without worries, then it is arguably better for that one to be ruled by a prince. One should, however, seek to perfect one’s soul rather than seek for happiness and security alone, hence, it is better to be ruled by a philosopher-king. This paper will first lay out the reasons why one should be governed by either a Machiavellian prince or a philosopher-king, and point out that the different benefits between the two rulers depends on the different sets of priorities in a citizen’s life. Then, the paper will argue why one should pursue the values under the rule of a philosopher-king rather than that under the rule of a prince. Finally, it will look at some counter argument, analyze and assert why the thesis is still superior. If one’s main wish is to live happily and securely, then it might be better for that one to be ruled by a Machiavellian prince, since a Machiavellian prince’s main goal as a ruler is to secure his state. The perfect prince would appear to be â€Å"merciful, faithful, humane, honest, and religious†, but â€Å"know how to enter into evil, when forced by necessity† to â€Å"maintain his state. † Consequently, the people living under this prince would benefit in the peace that comes with his reign. Moreover, the people are free to pursue whatever materialistic goals they want, so long as they do not violate the laws of the prince. The prince is also neither â€Å"rapacious and a usurper of the property and the women of his subjects† nor is he trying to â€Å"maintain a name for liberality† so much that he â€Å"burden the people extraordinarily, to be rigorous with taxes. † Hence, the people living under a prince’s reign will enjoy a sufficient life with stability, security and freedom to pursue their materialistic wants. If ones seek to perfect their souls, to come out of the cave and â€Å"into the sunlight†, then life under the rule of a philosopher-king is ideal. Under the rule of a philosopher-king, the king will try to â€Å"[turn] the whole soul until it is able to study that which is and the brightest things that is, namely, the one we call the good. † To do this, one must first â€Å"rid of [feasting, greed, and other such pleasures]† that one â€Å"had been hammered at from childhood†, and then â€Å"[turn] to look at true things. The philosopher-king, whose visions and knowledge is true and wise, will help educate the people by changing theirs desires, â€Å"[try] to redirect it appropriately. † A life under a philosopher-king will benefit one’s soul rather than one’s materialistic life. It is obvious as explained previously that the key to the desirability of the two different systems, one under the Machiavellian prince and one under the ph ilosopher-king, lies in how the people prioritize what they look for in life; hence, different sets of values will be satisfied by different political systems. Thus, at first look, it seems impossible to determine which system is better because they are based on completely different sets of values. However, as one set is arguably better to pursue than the other, consequently, one political system will be more desirable than the other. The set of criteria in question is that under the rule of the philosopher-king. It is better for a person to pursue a knowledgeable, true, and rational life that a philosopher-king promises to provide than a materialistic and secure life alone that the Machiavellian prince promises. First, it needs to be pointed out that Machiavelli also seems to see there is of little value for a prince to pursue materialistic desires, unless it serves a bigger purpose, such as the acquirement of â€Å"abundance of either men or money† serves to â€Å"put together an adequate army and fight a battle against whoever comes to attack them. † Machiavelli seems to imply that a prince seeks not just power, but also seeks to be more glorious, excellent, and virtuous than ordinary men. He states that as a commander, a prince should have â€Å"no other object, nor any other thought, nor take anything else as his art but that of war and its order and discipline†; and when a prince â€Å"have thought more of amenities than of arms, [he has] lost [his state]. † This seems to imply that a prince should not seek trivial contentment, but only that of commanders; and as a leader, a prince should desire to be esteemed, feared, and loved, and avoid to be viewed as â€Å"variable, light, effeminate, pusillanimous, irresolute. Hence, Machiavelli seems to say that even though not everyone has virtues, thus, those who do will rise and become princes while the rest will be ruled over, it is desirable that one should aspire to become a prince, seek virtues, prove one’s excellence with his prudence. Socrates, hence, also seems to agree with Machiavelli that one should seek more in life than the satisfaction of one’s instinctive desires. However, Socrate s disagrees with Machiavelli on two points. First, Socrates disagrees that only a few has virtues but everyone is capable of achieving more in life but rather everyone is capable of pursuing virtues. Second, he believes that there is only the â€Å"virtue of reason† that, unlike others that â€Å"aren’t there beforehand but are added later by habit and practice,† has always been there intrinsically inside of everyone. He states that this virtue â€Å"never loses its power but is either useful and beneficial or useless and harmful, depending on the way it is turned. † Socrates, thus, might argue with Machiavelli that the virtues that he assigns for the perfect prince are derivatives of this single virtue of reason, which is â€Å"forced to serve evil ends. † Hence, the perfect prince is capable of horrid things, but still very clever to maintain his image. Socrates perhaps can conclude that the prince described by Machiavelli is a case where the virtue of reason is turned to the wrong way. Thus, Socrates reasons that everyone is capable of pursuing this virtue of reason, and hence, capable of greatness, but they need guidance and education to â€Å"[turn] around from darkness to light. † Machiavelli then might agree that everyone might be capable of greatness, but he still disagrees as to why any person with the virtue of reason should not become a prince to dominate others, but agree to be governed by the philosopher-king. Now, assume that Socrates’ model of the human soul is correct and sufficient; it might give an answer to this problem. Socrates reasons that a human’s soul consists of three parts, a human who represents our virtue of reasons, a lion which represents our beastly power and aggression, also courage and nobility, and a multicolored beast with â€Å"a ring of many heads that it can grow and change at will† which represents our various desires, â€Å"some from gentle, some from savage animals. With the previously established argument that Machiavelli and Socrates may agree that the satisfaction of materialistic desires holds little value, hence, the scenario that the multicolored beast is in control can be eliminated, and so, the argument may be narrowed down to Machiavelli wanting the noble and courageous lion to dominate, while Socrates remains that the rational human should be in control. The initial description of the lion seems to match the dominant characteristics of that of the Machiavellian prince; however, as Machiavelli says himself, a prince needs both natures of man and beast, since â€Å"one without the other is not lasting. † The prince, hence, is still governed by both the man with virtue of reasons and the lion with courage and nobility. He uses the virtues of reason to acquire other virtues to become a prince, but he is still driven by the instinct of the noble lion to achieve glory and conquer others. As the human is the â€Å"best part of [a human soul]† it is still best to have the human part be in control over the bestial parts, because then, the â€Å"entire soul settles into its best nature, acquires moderation, justice, and reason. † Thus, people should seek to achieve this state of the soul where the human part is in control, it then takes care of the multicolored beast â€Å"as farmer does his animals†, and tends to the lion so that â€Å"the lion’s nature [becomes] his ally. This form of goodness of the soul is â€Å"the last thing to be seen, and it is reached only with difficulty. † Hence, the people will want and need the help of a philosopher-king. Since â€Å"a democratic man like a city ruled by a democracy, and similarly with the others†, the life under the rule of a philosopher-king will be similarly to the life which the philosopher-king rules himself. He will ensure by laws or otherwise, that his subject citizens will b e â€Å"the slave of [the philosopher-king] who has a divine ruler within himself. A philosopher-king does not wish to enslave the people to exploit from them, but only to help nurture and bring out the best of the people. When the people are ready, are equipped with â€Å"guardians and ruler similar to [the philosopher-king],† then the people will be set free. It will be ideal for everyone to be ruled by his own divine reason within himself. In conclusion, it is better to be ruled by a philosopher-king because one should goes after the values that the philosopher-king promotes. That is, one should find the virtue of reasons, and by the power of this virtue and the help of the philosopher-king, pursue the ideal balance of the soul, where the human part governs his consciousness and reins in the beasts. The Machiavellian prince is still governed by both the lion and the human, and he lets the people indulge themselves in their desires, hence, the prince is not the best choice of ruler, for himself and for his people alike.